红外光谱在文物保护中的应用介绍

文物信息的提取与研究对于揭示古代遗物包涵的人类社会、文化等历史信息有着举足轻重的作用:一方面可以了解古代的工艺技术特征,探寻文物制作技术起源及其发展历程;另一方面可以进行病害调查分析,为保护文物提供有价值的信息。本工作以红外光谱技术为出发点,细致梳理了目前红外光谱在文物保护中的应用,包括无机质文物中青铜器、土壤、颜料、珠宝玉石,有机质文物中纸张、丝织品、彩绘胶料、有机残留物,以及保护材料。提出该技术具备应用范围广、特征性强、无损或微损样品、不受样品物态限制等优势,但同时不适合分析含水样品、定量分析时误差大、解析图谱时依靠经验等局限性。揭示显微红外光谱技术在无损分析文物方面的广大前景,为文物保护研究与实践提供参考和借鉴意义。

Introduction to the applications of infrared spectroscopy to the conservation of cultural relics

The extraction and study of cultural relic information plays an important role in revealing historical information about ancient relics in terms of human society and culture. On the one hand, it helps us understand the features of ancient technologies and explore the origin and development history of craftsmanship of artifacts. On the other hand, the investigation and analysis of damage provides valuable information for subsequent conservation. In this paper, infrared spectroscopy is introduced as a tool to guide the conservation of cultural relics. The cultural relics involved include inorganic ones (eg., bronze wares, soil, pigments, jewelry and jade) and organic ones (eg., paper, silk, painting glue and organic residues and protection materials). It is proposed that this technology has a wide range of applicability and strong characteristics, is non-destructive or requires only tiny samples, and is not restricted by the state of samples. However, it still has the limitation of not being suitable for analyzing water-bearing samples, having large errors in quantitative analysis and relying on experience to analyze spectra. Infrared spectroscopy offers the prospect of broad applicability in the field of nondestructive analysis of cultural relics, and also provides reference for the research of cultural relic conservation.