历史时期内蒙古LUCC时空过程及其驱动机制

本文的研究中,在内蒙古地区地质学、古地理学和环境演变方面已有研究成果以及考古与历史文献资料的基础上,修复和描述了内蒙古陆地形成以来的地质历史时期和人类历史时期内蒙古土地利用/覆盖时空演变过程,并探索其驱动机制与因素,从而为正确把握内蒙古地区近现代土地利用/覆盖变化时空轨迹提供科学依据。古代相当长的历史时期,内蒙古地区基本上被游牧民族所占据,达到了一种古代的可持续发展。清代中期以后,特别是进入20世纪以来,随着几次大规模的移民拓荒高潮,耕地面积急速扩展而草场面积日益退缩,内蒙古草原生态环境遭遇空前的破坏,沙漠化和草原退化急速加快,土地利用变化和土地利用方式成为了土地覆盖变化的最主要驱动因子。土地利用变化(开垦草原、毁林开荒)的驱动因子主要有人口因素、经济利益和政府决策等三个方面,而且每一次大规模开荒时期三者往往相辅相成,促成新一轮的开荒高潮。

INNER MONGOLIA LUCC TIME AND SPACE PROCESS AND DRIVING MECHANISM IN THE HISTORIC TIMES

In the research of this article,it restores and describes Inner Mongolia land use / land cover time and space process in the geologic historical and human history period since Inner Mongolia land came into being,explores the driving mechanism and factors according to the research achievement on the geology,paleogeography and environmental evolution and on the basis of Archaeology and historical documents,sequentially it can provide scientific basis in order to grasp Inner Mongolia land use / land cover's changes of time and space tracks in recent and modern times exactly. During the long geologic historical period,Inner Mongolia region experienced the forest landscape phase,grassland landscape phase and desertification phase,finally forms modern landscape's basic sketch.In the quite a long historical period,it was basically occupied by the nomadic nation.Natural vegetation cover got good protection and recovery basically and achieved a kind of ancient sustainable development.Since the metaphase of Qing dynasty,especially coming into the 20th century,with several large-scale climaxes of migration and reclaiming wastelands,the cultivated land area extends quickly while the meadow area shrinks increasingly.Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem environment has encountered destruction,as never before,what's more desertification and grassland degeneration speed up rapidly.The variety and the way of land using become the most driving factors of Land Cover change.The land use change's driving factors mainly contain three elements,such as population factors,economy profits,government decision-makings and so on,moreover the three directions tend to supplement each other during every large opening up wasteland period,procuring the new climax of opening up wasteland,without one exception.