再谈孟子、荀子对孔子民族思想的继承与发展

孔子、孟子和苟子的“夷夏之辨”、“外夷内夏”、“夷夏之防”、“华夏一统”等民族思想为中华民族思想理论奠定了基调。虽然他们区分“夷”、“夏”的标准都是以“文化”为价值判断，但三人强调的侧重点是不同的，孔子的民族观念是对西周以来民族思想的继承，主张以“仁”、“德”为区分民族差别的标准，讲究“和为贵”；孟子的民族观念继承了孔子民族思想的开放性因素，其核心是“以夏变夷”，其指向是以仁义治天下；苟子的民族观念则是以“礼乐”为中心构建起来的，也具备开放性特征，但其着眼点在“严夷夏之防”，终极目的是通过“礼乐”之教而使天下一统，直接为巩固君主集权体制服务。

Reinterpretation of the Succession and Development of the Confucian Ethnic idea by Mencius and Xunzi

The national ideology of Confucius, Mencius and Hsun Tzu, for example, ＂the debate on Yi and Xia＂, ＂the defense between Yi and Xia＂ and ＂China domination＂ has set a tone Of the Chinese national ideology. They all differed ＂Yi＂ from ＂ Xia＂ by ＂culture＂, but they emphasized different points： Confucius＇national id was a heritage of Western Zhou~, which suggested to differ the nations with ＂humanity＂ and ＂morality＂ arid paid particular attention to ＂harmony is to be prized＂. Mencius＂ national ideology, which mainly focus on ＂to rule the world with justice and humanity＂ , of which ＂to change Xia to be Yi＂ is the key point, inherited the open factors of Confucius＇national ideology. Hsun Tzug national ideology, which was also an open ideology, was built on ＂rites and music＂. It concentrated on ＂the defense between Yi and Xia＂, with to dominate the world through the education of rites and music as its ultimate aim, which directly serviced to the consolidation of authoritarian monarchy system.