山东青州龙兴寺部分北齐佛造像石材及朱砂颜料分析研究

山东青州龙兴寺窖藏佛教造像出土于1996年,造像雕刻技艺精湛,数量多,贴金彩绘丰富,展现出一种特殊的佛教造像艺术特征。一些佛像由于长期掩埋和历史上遭到破坏,彩绘发生了褪色、变薄、起翘等现象。为了弄清佛造像彩绘颜料和结构,本研究采用三维视频显微镜、显微拉曼光谱分析、扫描电镜-能谱、偏光显微镜等仪器分析颜料的结构和化学组成。分析结果表明,龙兴寺佛造像红色颜料为辰砂(Hg S)与铅白(2PbCO_3Pb(OH)_2)混用;地子主要为铅白,经过对该批出土佛造像残碎的石块做薄片处理做偏光显微分析,得到造像石材的主要矿相为含菱铁矿、生物碎屑、白云石的泥晶灰岩(灰岩即石灰石)。

Study on the stone and the cinnabar pigment of Buddha statues of Northern Qi Dynasty at Longxing Temple in Qingzhou, Shandong

In 1996, a large number of Buddhist statues were excavated at Longxing Temple in Qingzhou, Shandong Province. Magnificently carved, carefully covered with gold foil and enriched with paintings, these statues represent some specific features of the Buddhist art. However, they were damaged because of being buried for a long time, and for other reasons, and the painting layers had faded and thinned and the statues had become slightly warped. In order to understand the materials and the technology used for making the paintings, paint samples from the statues were studied by Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopyenergy dispersive spectroscopy (SEMEDS) and polarizing microscopy. The results revealed that the ground layer was mainly lead white(Pb₃(OH)₄CO₃), while the pigments used in red painting layer were identified as a mixture of cinnabar (HgS) and lead white. In addition, the fragmented status stones were analyzed using polarizing microscopy. It turned out that the major minerals of the stones are mud limestone with iron carbonate (FeCO₃), dolomite and biological remains.