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Extraction and sequencing of human and Neanderthal mature enamel proteins using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS |
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| Authors: | Christina M Nielsen-Marsh Christin Stegemann Ralf Hoffmann Tanya Smith Robin Feeney Michel Toussaint Katerina Harvati Eleni Panagopoulou Jean-Jacques Hublin Michael P Richards |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;2. Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;4. Direction de l''Archéologie, Ministère de la région Wallone, 1 Rue des Brigades d''Irlande, 5100 Namur, Belgium;5. Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology-Speleology of Southern Greece, Ardittou 34b, 11636 Athens, Greece;6. Department of Anthropology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada V6T 1Z1 |
| Abstract: | We report here the first results of a method to extract and sequence mature enamel proteins from modern human and Neanderthal tooth enamel. Using MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and a combination of direct sequencing and peptide mass mapping we have sequenced a peptide from the tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP) of the X isoform of the amelogenin protein for modern and recent human samples. We also report our results from two Neanderthal enamel samples where we were also able to recover fragments of the TRAP protein, which had a similar sequence to the modern human samples. |
| Keywords: | Proteomics Enamel Neanderthal MALDI-TOF-TOF |
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