实验室微型发掘方法在北周武帝孝陵 发掘中的应用

1994年经国家文物局批准,陕西省考古研究所对北周武帝孝陵进行了抢救性发掘,由于墓葬多次被盗,又多次进水,导致墓内的文物发生严重扰乱和腐蚀,尤其是墓内发现的大量易碎、细小及糟朽的有机质文物,使现场清理遇到了很大的困难。为了最大程度地获取地层中的所有考古信息,首次大规模、针对性地对孝陵五号天井东、西龛,四号天井东龛,甬道及墓室的文物采取了整体分割打包,运回实验室进行微型发掘的方法。通过对现场提取的74个石膏包的微型发掘和清理,获得了在现场无法发现的重要文物和遗迹,共清出文物2330件。尤其是直径不足1mm的无色琉璃珠在显微镜下的发现更是将微型发掘的优势凸显到了极点。它不仅弥补了现场发掘的不足,更是利用先进仪器,将考古发掘、科技考古和文物保护完美地进行了融合。实践证明实验室微型发掘方法是考古现场发掘不可或缺的必要手段。

The application of lab - based mini ~ excavation to the excavation of Xiaoling of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou Dynasty

The Xiaoling ( "Xiao" imperial tomb) of Emperor Wu of the Northen Zhou Dynasty was excavated by the Shaanxi Archaeological Institute in 1994. Because the coffin chamber had been broken into many times,many objects were damaged. In particular , many tiny organic objects were found making on - site excavation very difficult. In order to get all information,a method of embedding the objects in plaster was used on large scale. 73 plaster blocks were finished and transported to the lab .where lab ~ based mini ~ excavation was used. By this method ,2330 objects were unearthed , and many important objects and information which could not be found in the field work were revealed. Thus ,lab ~ based mini ~ excavation method is become indispensible for archaeological excavation.