19世纪中叶的中日近代世界秩序体认

19世纪中叶前后，以西力东侵为背景，中日两国的精英分子对剧烈变动的世界作出了不同的回应。在日本，以洋学家和开明政治家为主体的“开放力量”，初步意识到人类文明“一体化”格局，其国际视野不断扩大。确立了近代外交观念。而同时期的中国官僚士大夫则沉浸于传统世界秩序观之中，难以形成系统的开放思想。直到两次鸦片战争后，方才出现明确的对外开放观念。这说明在对近代世界秩序体认的问题上，两国存在着较大的时间差。

Chinese and Japanese Elites' Cognition of World Order in Mid-nineteenth Century

In the middle of 19th century, western forces extended east. The echoes of Chinese and Japanese elites'to the radical change are different.In Japan,the group which was composed of western learners and enlightened politicians favored opening up.They opened their eyes to the integration structure of the world, and accepted the principle of modern diplomacy.Chinese scholar-officials and politicians could not cast off the China-yi (barbarians)Idea and form the systematical concept of opening up until Second Opium War. There is wide discrepancy between Chinese and Japanese realization of world system.