Pascal programs for computing taxonomic abundance in samples of fossil mammals |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 3, 97082 Würzburg, Germany;2. Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;3. Department of Environmental Sciences – Botany, University of Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 6, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;4. Forest Dynamics, WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;5. Departement of Biogeography, Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;6. Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;7. Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstr. 2, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland;8. Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany;9. Chair of Applied Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;10. Department of Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;11. Max-Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans Knoell Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany;12. Chair of Forest Growth, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79106 Freiburg imBreisgau, Germany;13. Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;14. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;15. Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53/54, Freiburg 79110, Germany;1. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan 4111, Australia;2. Radiocarbon Facility, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia;3. Ministry of Antiquities, Cairo, Egypt;4. Department of Sociology, Anthropology, Psychology and Egyptology, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt;5. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;6. Centre for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;7. Allan Wilson Centre for Molecular Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand;1. Department of Archaeology, Anthropology and Forensic Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom;2. Aditu Arkeologia Zerbitzuak, Maddalen 26, 48145 Ubide, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The number of identified specimens (NISP) and the minimum number of individuals (MNI) are the two most widely used measures of taxonomic abundance in samples of fossil bones. Each has disadvantages which can be largely offset when the two are used together and when both are calculated and presented for each skeletal part of each taxon in a sample. However, joint use does not reduce the tedium and likelihood of error involved in MNI calculation, or affect the possibility that MNIs may not be comparable among samples, because different analysts employ different and often vague calculation assumptions. The integrated Pascal computer programs described in this article dramatically cut the time and effort involved in MNI calculation, while simultaneously reducing the likelihood of calculation error. They also ensure that calculation is based on explicit, though flexible assumptions. Finally, they provide an inexpensive and compact way to store and retrieve bone data for manipulation by other programs. |
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