吉林省城市体系等级规模结构研究

等级规模结构是城市体系的三大结构之一,其特征可以反映出城市在不同规模层次中的分布状况及城市人口集中或分散的程度,有助于认识城市体系发展所处的阶段。通过统计数据计算分析,运用分形理论,发现吉林省城市体系等级规模结构满足位序-规模分布规律,城市规模分布的均衡程度较高,中小城市比较发育,首位城市垄断作用不突出,缺乏大城市。在吉林省城市体系动态变化过程中,等级规模结构相对稳定且不断趋于集中。在此基础上提出重点培育通化、延吉等大城市;继续扩大长春规模,发挥整体效益;加强交通网络建设;加快矿业城市可持续发展等建议。

RESEARCH OF THE HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE OF THE URBAN SYSTEM IN JILIN PROVINCE

Hierarchical structure is one of the three structures in urban system.Its characteristic can reflect the variation of cities in scale,concentration or dispersion of the urban population,and it is of help for understanding the phase of urban system.There are 28 cities,including 1 vice-provincial city,7 perfecture-level cities and 20 county-level municipalities in Jilin province.This paper analyses the characteristics of urban system scale and scale grade of Jilin province and find that this region exhibits city-size distribution following the rank-size rule by statistical data.The city-size distribution is equilibrium;monopoly degree of the primate city isn't remarkable;It lacks big city;medium-sized and small cities have grown well. The paper mainly analyses urban primacy index,fractal dimension,change process of scale about urban system of Jilin province in 1990-2004.The paper calculates urban primacy index,four city index and eleven ciy index of urban system of Jilin province from 1990 to 2004.Urban primacy index grew gradually from 1.619539 to 1.909534 in 1990-2004,but was always smaller than 2.Four city index and eleven ciy index were all smaller than 1 in 1990-1996,and were all bigger than 1 in 1997-2004.They all gradually increased.The developing speed of metropolitan was quicker than medium-sized and small city of Jilin province. It calculated fractal dimension of urban system from 1990 to 2004 by the fractal theory.The fractal dimension was always bigger than 1.It includes two stages: fractal dimension gradually increased from1990 to1996,the development speed of medium-sized and small cities was quicker than metropolitans;the fractal dimension gradually reduced from 1996 to 2004.The fractal dimension has gone from high to low,the developing urban system change balance into spatial accumulation,rank scale structure continues to the centralism.The result conforms to city primacy index changing process. In 1990-2004,the number of city of Jilin province rose from 21 to 28,the percent of the urban population of metropolitan from 40.86% to 43.54%,the percent of the urban population of medium-sized from 39.07% to 32.85%,the percent of the small city from 20.07% to 23.78%.The development of urban system in Jilin province was stable and equilibrium. On the above analysis,the paper puts forward several measures such as to cultivate to focus on Tonghua and Yanji city;continue to enlarge the size and economic potentiality of Changchun;strengthen the constrction of transport network,and speed up the sustainable development of mining city.