Radar measurement of the seasonal variation in the velocity of the sunrise terminator |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physics, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria;2. B. K. M. Science College, Valsad, Gujarat, India;1. Space Research Institute, 40 Acad. Glushkov Ave., Kyiv 03187, Ukraine;2. Plasma Dynamics Group, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK;3. Plasma Dynamics Group, Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK;1. Institute of Ionosphere, 16 Kyrpychova Str., Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine;2. Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Science, Boční II 1401/1A, Prague 14100, Czech Republic;3. State Institution National Antarctic Scientific Center of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 16 Taras Shevchenko Blvd., Kyiv 01601, Ukraine;4. Institute of Radio Astronomy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 4 Mystetstv Str., Kharkiv 61002, Ukraine;5. University of New Brunswick, 3 Bailey Dr, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The HF phased-array pencil beam radar at Bribie Island, Australia, used to measure horizontal movements of the ionosphere, has been calibrated using the known velocity of the sunrise terminator. The seasonal variation in the velocity of the terminator has been resolved, both in magnitude and direction.The technique uses single-station ionospheric sounding, and requires the angle of arrival and Doppler shift of ionospheric echoes to be measured as the terminator passes overhead. Pfister's theorem [(1971), J. atmos. terr. Phys. 33, 999] then allows calculation of the velocity of the reflecting surface. The difference between theory and experiment is less than 3% in speed and 2° in direction on average. |
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