Ion composition changes during F-region density depletions in the presence of electric fields at auroral latitudes |
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| Institution: | 1. Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstrasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany;2. Technical University of Munich, Department of Physics, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany;3. Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85748 Garching, Germany;1. Marie Curie fellow of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica, DISIM, Università degli Studi dell''Aquila, via Vetoio n. 1, 67100 L''Aquila, Italy;2. School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 686 Cherry St. Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;1. Space Science and Development Research, Ethiopian Space Science and Technology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;2. Washera Geospace and Radar Science Laboratory, Physics Department, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia;3. Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, USA;1. Institute for Theoretical Physics I, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany;2. College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 120 Inner Campus Dr Stop G2500, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;2. Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA |
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| Abstract: | F-region density depletions in the afternoon/evening sector of the auroral zone are studied with the EISCAT UHF radar. Four case studies are presented, in which data from three experiment modes are used. In each case the density depletion can be identified with the main ionospheric trough. For the two cases occurring in sunlit conditions the electron densities recovered significantly after the trough minimum. Tristatic ion velocity measurements show the development of poleward electric fields of typically 50–100 m Vm−1, which maximize exactly in the trough minimum. A special analysis technique for incoherent scatter measurements is introduced, based on the ion energy equation. By assuming that the ion temperature should obey this equation it is possible to fix this parameter in a second analysis and to allow the ion composition to be a free parameter. The results from two experiments with accurate velocity measurements indicate that the proportion of O+ near the F-region peak decreased from 100% in the undisturbed ionosphere to only 10% and 30%, respectively, in the density minimum of the trough. The loss of O+ is explained by the temperature dependence of recombination with nitrogen molecules. Temperatures derived from radar measurements are very sensitive to the assumed ion composition. For the above case of 10% O+ the deduced electron temperature in the trough was transformed from a local minimum of < 2000 K to a local maximum of 4000 K. |
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