Estimation of the true ionospheric height profile,with a continuous gradient,from oblique sounding data

A technique to calculate the true height ionospheric profile from multifrequency oblique soundings is proposed. In the classic isotropic statement of the problem, it avoids a discontinuity in the gradient of electron density with height at nodal points and. as shown in test examples, it considerably increases the accuracy of the reconstructed profile as compared with well known, currently employed methods. The influence of the geomagnetic field is taken into account in the technique by constructing the equivalent isotropic ionogram. Both numerical and experimental results are presented and discussed.