日本国铁改革的过程及其发展现状

日本国铁改革之前,“公社”形态的国铁在经营上受到国会及政府的严格控制,加之全国一体化的经营,不能够针对某一地区的具体情况和需求采取相应的措施,经营情况逐年恶化。因此,日本政府在1987年对国铁进行了一次体制上的变革。此次国铁改革的基本思路是:为了克服“公社”制度带来的问题,必须进行民营化;为了克服全国一元化经营所带来的问题,必须将国铁进行分割。日本国铁改革总体上是成功的,但一些重大的问题还是没有得到很好地解决。

The Process and Present Situation of Reforms of Japanese National Railway

Before the reform of Japanese national railway,the state subsidy,existing in the form of commune,whose management is under strict control of the congress and government.Besides this,the management is in the form of national integration,which can not take corresponding effective measures concerning the specific situations and needs in some area.The situation of the management has been worsening year by year.Therefore,the Japanese government initiates a reform of the national railway structure in 1987.The fundamental principles of the reform are: enterprise-privatization must be implemented to overcome the problems resulted from the commune system;the national railways must be segmented to overcome the problems resulted from the national integrated management.In general,the reform of Japanese railway is successful.But some major problems have not been solved very well.