明清时期华南地区乡村聚落的宗族化与军事化--以赣南乡村围寨为中心

自明中叶以迄清代，由于险恶的地理生态环境和长期的社会动荡，赣南乡村居民自发地构筑大量用于军事防卫的乡村围寨，于是形成广泛而持续的筑寨建围运动。伴随着乡村围寨的构筑和乡族武装力量的崛起，乡族势力尤其是宗族的力量得到不断的发展，并日益地军事化和割据化，逐渐成为乡村社会中非常成熟的支配力量。乡村宗族构筑围寨，“聚族自保”，直接地导致“聚族而居”聚居聚落的形成，聚居宗族也得以强化，这展示了赣南乃至整个华南地区宗族发达并与村落重叠这一普遍而显著的社会人文现象的历史形成过程。

Lineagelization and Militarization of the Rural Settlements in South China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

Owing to perilous geographical-ecological environment and long-term social unrests in Gannan from the mid-Ming to the Qing dynasties, the villagers built spontaneously a large number of the rural fortress to defend themselves. With the rising of the fortress movement,the lineage developed continuously and became the dominant force by militarizing its members and separatizing the village areas. The development of the fortress and lineage forces led to the formation of assembly-lineage and assembly-settlement. This paper aims to study the above-mentioned historical process by explaining how the lineage joined tightly with the settlement in South China.