国外旅游利益相关者研究综述与启示

本文在搜集分析相关文献的基础上,较为系统地对国外相关研究进行了归纳和评述,指出其研究内容主要集中于旅游利益相关者的界定及分类;旅游规划、管理与营销中的利益相关者问题;旅游环境伦理与可持续发展中的利益相关者问题;社区旅游及其协作中的利益相关者问题等多个方面,大多采用实证研究方法。最后本文探讨了国外研究对国内研究的启示,期望能够对国内相关研究产生一定的借鉴意义。

A LITERATURE REVIEW OF TOURISM STAKEHOLDERS ABROAD AND ITS ENLIGHTENMENT

The concept of Stakeholder originates from management literature, which is defined as any group or individual who can affect, or is affected by, the achievement of a corporation's purpose. Since 1970s and 1980s, because of the environmental pressure and negative social influence led by tourism activities, more and more foreign scholars have paid attention to the issue of tourism stakeholder. They regard the stakeholder theory as an ideal approach to maintain the balance between tourism activity and social, environmental concerns. Now, tourism stakeholder has become a hot topic in tourism research area in foreign countries. Based on collecting and analyzing plentiful literatures, this paper gives a systematical review of the research on tourism stakeholders abroad, and points out that the results have been increasing year after year. The major results are mainly concentrated on the following four areas: firstly, definition and categories of tourism stakeholders. Secondly, stakeholders concerned with tourism planning and management. Thirdly, stakeholders concerned with tourism environmental ethic. Fourthly, community tourism and stakeholders' coordination.
Although the research of tourism stakeholder abroad has not been so systematized yet, rich fruits have appeared and empirical analysis is the main method used by foreign researchers. Comparatively, in China, the concept of tourism stakeholder was not introduced till the end of the 20th century. The researchers have been showing great interests in applying the stakeholder theory to tourism planning and management. Totally speaking, the relative research in China is weaker, normative analysis method is used mainly.
The lights of research abroad which can be thrown on domestic research are discussed at the end of the paper in order to promote the progress of correlative research in our country. Four aspects can be explored in the future: firstly, further classification on stakeholders in different kinds of tourism destinations or communities; secondly, the diversities of stakeholders' power relations under different political backgrounds; thirdly, the evolution of stakeholders' power relations; lastly, the stakeholders managing in regional tourism cooperation.