马家窑文化人物形象分区分期及同时期区域对比研究

马家窑文化包含丰富的不同工艺、纹饰人物形象,本研究在人物形象分类的基础上,首先对马家窑文化人物形象进行了考古学分期、以及人物形象区域分布研究,其后选取东部、中亚地区同时期的人物形象作了对比研究。研究发现:马家窑文化人物形象可分为两期,一期以动物拟人纹与人物形体纹为主,其中,鲵人纹与舞蹈纹是此期特色,器口人面塑中出现了哭泣、惊讶的面部表情。二期出现蛙人纹,大量其他彩绘人物形体消失,继承一期以器口作人面的技法,对面部的五官塑造更加细致,表情更加多样,出现了精致又寓意非凡的裸体人像彩陶壶。马家窑文化人物形象可分为三区,从东往西传播与发展;与东部、中亚同时期人物形象对比,马家窑文化人形象种类和技法更具本地源流,且与其他地区异中有同。本研究为研究马家窑文化的来龙去脉、以及不同文化间相互交流提供参考和依据,对后续分析文化人物形象内涵等均有重要意义。

A Comparative Study on Human Figures of Majiayao Culture in Varied Zones,Phases, and Contemporary Regions

Many Anthropomorphic Figurines were found at the Majiayao sites, which was designed by different craftmanship and ornament. Based on their categories, we can make a archaeological periodization and partitions proportional to the distribution of Majiayao cultural sites and then we have a compartive study about Anthropomorphic figurines of Majiayao Culture with the same period of the East of Majiayao Culture and Central Asia’s. We can make two periods of all of the material to combine with the archaeological background. The first period is concentrated on anthropomorphic and figure ornamentation. The characteristic of this period is salamander anthropomorphic figures and dancing figures, and we can look at the weep and surprise in face of terracotta figures. The second period appears so much frogman ornamentation, and too much other panted figure ornamentation disappeared. It is not only to take over the skills of making a face in mouth of pottery, but also have more detail carved in the five senses of organs to express one’s feeling. We have three partitions because it is directly proportional to the distribution of Majiayao cultural sites. We can see that it has a development and transmission from east to west. Anthropomorphic figurines of Majiayao Culture are some similar and some different from the same period of surrounding region and Central Asia’s. This study provides more targeted data for the exploration of the origins of Majiayao culture and the communication of different cultures, which will greatly benefit the analysis of the connotations of its anthropomorphic figures.