贵州遵义市播州杨氏土司墓葬形制研究

纵观播州杨氏土司墓葬的发展,其规模、结构、雕刻均有由繁至简的发展趋势,对昭穆制的遵循从严格走向了松散。腰坑葬俗是宋元明时期播州境内比较盛行的丧葬习俗,墓志亦是播州杨氏礼制遵循和身份等级体现的一个方面。墓前神道或拜台有自南宋中期的繁复到宋元明之交的简单到明末又归于复杂的发展轨迹,体现出时代的特征和墓葬装饰自内向外的转变。

Researches on Tomb Shapes and Structures Buried with Tusi from the Yang Clan of Bozhou,Zunyi,Guizhou Province

In terms of scale,structure,sculptures and carvings,there was a development tendency of tombs of Tusi,who were members of the Yang Clan of Bozhou,from complex to simple,from strictly following the Zhao-Mu System to lax obedience.Waist-pit tombs were relatively popular in Bozhou district in Song dynasty,Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.Epitaphs showed observance of etiquette,identities and social class of the Yang Clan.In front of the tomb,the spirit road leading to the grave,or a terrace for worship,used to be complicated in mid Southern Song,pared-down during transitional periods of Song dynasty,Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty,and once again complex in the end of Ming Dynasty.Such a development and changes reflected characteristics of the times and a shift from interior tomb decoration to exterior tomb ornamentation.