明以降滹沱河平原段河道变迁研究

滹沱河是海河子牙河系最主要的支流。明清时期,滹沱河平原段善淤、善决、善徙,被称为“决不可以人力治者”。本文通过对明清相关史料的收集、分析、整理,首次对明以来滹沱河的变迁改道进行了具体详细的恢复,进而发现滹沱河在不同历史时段,其流经方向、河道稳定性、主要河患影响范围和程度都有不同的特点。据此,文章将滹沱河变迁分成四个阶段———①明初(1368年)至明正德十二年(1517年);②明正德十二年(1517年)至清顺治二年(1645年);③清顺治二年(1645年)至清同治七年(1868年);④清同治七年(1868年)至今———并对其分别进行了介绍,最后总结了明清时期滹沱河变迁的特点和规律。

A Study on Watercourse Shifts of the Hutuo River on the Plain since the Ming Dynasty

The Hutuo River is a major branch of the Ziya River, which pours into the Haihe River as one of the five major branches. For its unique natural environment, the Hebei Plain part of Hutuo River can be easily silted up and burst, leading frequent watercourse shifts during the Ming-Qing dynasties. In this article, the author has firstly extensively screened through the annals and historical references related to this period and, using modern graphic tools, given a vivid restoration of all the old river courses. Research reveals distinct differences and characteristics in terms of frequency of shift, directivity and stability of the watercourse, and the scope and severity of flood disasters, which leads to a plot of four historical phases: early Ming Dynasty-end of Zhengde Time; end of Zhengde Time-early Qing Dynasty; early Qing Dynasty-end of Qing Dynasty; and, end of Qing Dynasty-now. The article ends with a summarization of the general characteristics and pattern of watercourse shift of the Hutuo River.