清末四川庙产兴学及由此产生的僧俗纠纷

四川的庙产兴学始于1902年利用庙产兴学的国策，而1905年保护庙产的上谕则是个分界线，此前各州县基本由官绅根据本地状况自行拟定计划报上级批准，此后四川总督开始对提取庙会产业的方式进行了一系列政策界定。同时，此前各地寺庙基本服从地方官绅的处置，即有纷争也属局部范围；此后寺僧明显利用上谕质疑提拔庙产的正当性，与地方官绅的纷争普遍增多。在房舍利用方面，各地新学堂设在寺庙观庵之中的比例都相当大。而在提取庙会产业的起始时间、提取的方式、所提的比例等方面，各州县的实际运作存在不小的差异。一般来说，经济较为贫困的地区在办学中对庙产的依赖性相对较大，而经济较富庶的地方仅将庙产视为办学的辅助财源。

Using Temple Estates to Set Up Schools in Late Qing Sichuan, and the Disputes Arising Therefrom

The practice of using temple estates to set up schools in Sichuan began with the national policy of 1902,and the edict of 1905 to protect temple estates was a watershed.Before the issue of the edict,all prefectures and counties formulated plans and provided them to superior officials.These plans were mainly drawn up by officials and gentry according to local conditions.After the issue of the edict,the governor-general of Sichuan began to implement a series of policies to limit ways of withdrawing temple est...