潮汐灌溉与江南的水利生态(10-15世纪)

从宋代至明代,江南地区的潮汐灌溉在技术体系、地域范围上都发生了巨大变化,其原因在于江南地区的水利环境发生了重大变化:塘浦圩田体系的崩溃,使得潮汐灌溉的作用上升,但潮水带来咸水入侵、泥沙淤积等种种危害,使得闸坝的设置与管理日益重要。这一变化趋势自宋代开始,至明代黄浦江取代吴淞江的地位之后,整个江南的水利环境为之一变。感潮区在享用潮水之利的同时,也不得不承受浑潮泥沙的危害,由此最终导致这一灌溉方式的衰落。潮汐灌溉技术与水利环境这种互动的关系,典型的反映了江南感潮区水利生态的变化。

Tidal Irrigation and the Changes of Water Conservancy Ecosystem in Jiangnan Area(10th-15thCentury)

Tidal irrigation had great changes both in region scope and technical system from Song Dynasty to Ming Dynasty;they resulted from the changes of Water conservation environment in Jiangnan area,which presented as follows:the Collapse of paddy field system and the aggravated imperilment of paddy tide.These changes started in Song Dynasty and completed in Ming Dynasty.While enjoyed the tidal irrigation,tidal region had to endure the imperilment of paddy tide as well,which conduced the decline of tidal irrigation.The correlations between tidal irrigation and Water conservation environment reflected the change of Water Conservancy Ecosystem in tidal region.