Constructing the sidewalks: municipal government and the production of public space in Los Angeles,California, 1880–1920 |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Urban and Public Affairs, University of New Orleans, 308 Mathematics Building, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA;2. Department of Urban Planning, University of California, Los Angeles, 3250 Public Policy Building, Box 951656, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1656, USA;1. Deapartment of Urbanism, Faculty of Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran;2. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia;1. PhD candidate in Transportation Plannig, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia;2. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;3. Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia;4. Researcher of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Centre for Innovative Planning and Development (CIPD), Faculty of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia;1. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan;2. Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan;1. Department of Landscape Architecture with Urban Design concentration, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;2. Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Urban Design and Planning, Hongik University, K521, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Republic of Korea;4. Department of Urban Design and Planning, Hongik University, K520, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-791, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The process of creating public spaces has been one of defining what constitutes public activities and how they can occur. This was as true for the sidewalks as for spaces such as the roadbed, parks and markets. The sidewalks in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries were used for commercial, political and social activities. During this period, the Los Angeles municipal government and urban residents constructed hundreds of miles of sidewalks along with other street improvements. In response to differing claims to the sidewalks and varying interests in the purpose of the streets, the city began to emphasize pedestrian circulation and through its process, the pedestrian was defined as the public for which the sidewalks were provided. As sidewalks were legally defined as public ways, the more clearly and narrowly the notion of the public was construed, and fewer activities had guaranteed access. In this paper, we explore different types of claims to sidewalks in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. We discuss sidewalk provision, abutters' use and responsibility, and the regulation of commercial and speech activities. The examination of municipal response to conflicting demands by property owners, merchants, political and charitable organizations, and other interested parties about sidewalk use helps us to better understand the process by which public space and public activities were defined. |
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