Shell tool use by early members of Homo erectus in Sangiran,central Java,Indonesia: cut mark evidence |
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| Institution: | 1. 5015 Sheboygan Avenue, Suite 204, Madison, WI 53705, USA;2. Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional, Jl. Raya Condet Pejaten No. 4, Jakarta 12001, Indonesia;2. Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Paseo de la Sierra de Atapuerca S/N, 09002 Burgos, Spain;3. Stomatology Department, Dentistry Faculty, University of Granada, Spain;4. Centro Mixto UCM-ISCIII de Evolución y Comportamiento Humanos, Avd. Monforte de Lemos 5, Pabellón 14, 28029 Madrid, Spain;1. Palaeontology and Quaternary Geology Research Group, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology, Jl. Ganesha No. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia;2. School of Earth, Atmospheric & Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia;3. Department of Earth Sciences and Sprigg Geobiology Centre, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia;4. Geological Museum Bandung, Badan Geologi, Indonesia, Jl. Diponegoro No. 57, Bandung, 40122, Indonesia;1. Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, M263 Medical Sciences Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;2. Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya;3. Department of Anthropology, 330 Old Main, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;1. Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), J. G. Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain;2. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), C/ Marcel.lí Domingo s/n e Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain;3. Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain;4. Unidad asociada al CSIC, Departamento de Paleobiología, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Calle José Gutierrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid, Spain;5. Sociedad de Ciencias Aranzadi-Aranzadi Zientzia Elkartea, Alto de Zorroaga Bidea, 11, 20014, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain;6. Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar Ilan University, Henrietta Szold, 8, P.O.B 1589, 1311502, Zefat, Israel;7. Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;8. Department of History, University of Oviedo, Campus del Milán, C/ Teniente Alfonso Martínez s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain;1. Institute of Human Origins and School of Human Evolution and Social Change, PO Box 874101, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4101, USA;2. Dept. of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel |
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| Abstract: | Sangiran has been known as a source of fossil Homo erectus but is better known for the absence of archaeological tools. Cut mark analysis of Pleistocene mammalian fossils documents 18 cut marks inflicted by tools of thick clamshell flakes on two bovid bones created during butchery at the Pucangan Formation in Sangiran between 1.6 and 1.5 million years ago. These cut marks document the use of the first tools in Sangiran and the oldest evidence of shell tool use in the world. |
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