面向规划建设的村庄分类指标体系研究

我国村庄类型多样，规划建设需要分类指导，但全国层面上综合、简便、易推广的村庄分类指标和方法仍有待探索。在目标导向、有机综合、简明可操作及适度弹性原则的指导下，从总体和结构两方面建立包括自然禀赋、区位条件、村庄规模、形态结构、人口结构、经济结构和用地结构的村庄类型基础指标体系；并基于全国7省48个行政村样本数据，采用聚类分析、KW检验和主成分分析提取8个简便易行的正交特征指标；据此识别了平原传统农业村、山区传统农林村、养殖专业村、远山特色农业村、城郊非农产业村和平原非农产业村等典型村庄类型，总结了各类型特征及规划建设重点，证实了指标和方法的科学性和适用性，为我国村庄规划建设的分类指导提供了方法论基础。

CLASSIFYING VILLAGES FOR PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION GUIDANCE: INDEX DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION IN CHINA

As China is a country with a vast territory and diversified types of rural development, its rural planning and construction could not be conducted in a similar way. Therefore, this paper aims to develop an index system for village classification as well as a set of quantitative classifying methods to facilitate the effectiveness and efficiency of rural planning and rural construction in China. In this respect, based on the principles of target orientation, comprehensive integration, concise operation and modest flexibility, an index system for village classification is developedin this paper. It includes indicators in terms of natural resources, location, size, morphology, demographic structure, economic structure and land use structure, and contains a set of methods, including but not limited to hierarchical clustering, KW test and principle component analysis, which could help to promote the applicability and conciseness of the original index system. Then, these system and methods are applied to 48 sample villages from seven provinces in China, a dataset that was collected by Peking University in 2014. Results show that these sample villages can be effectively classified into two groups and six subgroups. These subgroups are plain villages of planting, hilly villages of planting, villages of breeding, remote hilly villages of planting, suburban villages of non-agricultural industries, and plain villages of non-agricultural industries. The six subgroups here have their respective characteristics that call for different attentions when rural planning and constructions are conducted in these areas.