南京市社区服务设施可达性的空间格局与低收入社区空间剥夺研究

社区服务设施的空间可达性事关城市公共资源分配的社会公平与公正，是反映城市居民生活质量的重要标志。以南京市居住用地作为基本分析单元，对南京市的教育、医疗、商业和公园绿地四大类社区服务设施的空间可达性进行分析；并通过对相关低收入社区的实地调研，研究城市边缘区低收入群体的服务设施空间剥夺问题。研究表明：南京市四类服务设施的可达性水平均呈现出由城市中心区向郊区衰减的空间分异格局；较低的社区服务设施可达性不仅直接造成低收入社区居民对社区服务设施较低的满意度，导致其空间剥夺感的产生，还极大地阻碍着社区归属感的形成，导致社区居民强烈的迁居欲望，在他们较低的支付能力下进一步加剧其空间剥夺感。政府未来在规划面向低收入群体的保障性社区时，更应注重相关服务配套设施建设，做到社会与空间的公正性。

RESEARCH IN SPATIAL PATTERN OF ACCESSIBILITY TO COMMUNITY SERVICE FACILITIES AND SPATIAL DEPRIVATION OF LOWINCOME COMMUNITY IN NANJING

As the basic elements of life space, urban communities and service facilities are the basic places of residents' daily life. This paper firstly discusses the different methods of measuring accessibility, and chooses the minimum distance method to measure the accessibility of community service facilities. Residential land parcels of present land use map of Nanjing are adopted as the basic analytical unit to analyze accessibility in this paper, which is creative and different from previous studies. Four typical community service facilities are chosen as the analytic targets in this research, including education facilities, medical facilities, commercial facilities and parks and green lands. Then this paper analyzes the spatial pattern of access to community service facilities in Nanjing with GIS from two aspects:on the one hand it analyzes the spatial differentiation pattern of access to various community service facilities; on the other hand it researches the spatial differentiation pattern of the comprehensive accessibility of community service facilities. In order to analyze the influence of community service facilities' accessibility on residents' daily life more deeply, this research investigates two low income communities in urban fringe of Nanjing and four communities in inner city and new towns as references. The investigation contents include residential satisfaction, daily activities, community attachment and residential mobility through the methods of questionnaires and depth interviews. Then this paper analyzes the spatial deprivation of low income groups of urban fringe, and summarizes conceptual model of spatial deprivation of low income communities based on low community service facilities accessibility.