高铁对中国城市可达性和区域经济空间格局的影响

从沿线城市加权平均旅行时间和中心城市“小时经济圈”两个维度分析高铁开通对中国城市可达性的影响，利用引力模型、区位优势潜力模型、Moran指数等研究高铁开通对区域经济发展空间格局的影响。研究表明：高铁开通显著改善了沿线城市日常可达性；高铁开通后33个沿线城市对中国261个地级市的“加权平均旅行时间”均值降低；东中西三大区域的城市交通发展不平衡性有小幅度改善；北京、武汉“小时经济圈”呈“面状蔓延”模式，上海、广州、西安的“小时经济圈”呈“轴线扩展”模式。高铁开通显著影响中国区域经济发展格局：沿线城市可达性水平提高，城市间经济联系更加密切，二线城市间经济联系强度增长率最高；长三角城市群区位优势最突出，长江中游城市群潜力巨大；高铁带来的扩散效应增强。最后，本文就依托高铁建设推动中国区域经济健康发展展开了进一步的讨论。

THE IMPACTS OF HIGH-SPEED RAILS ON THE ACCESSIBILITYAND THE SPATIAL PATTERN OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN CHINA

High-speed rail, with the obvious advantages of the strong transport capacity, fast speed, safe and comfortable nature, is leading a revolution in the global transportation. The impact of the high-speed rails on the accessibility of cities and the pattern of regional economic in China has been a hot issue with Chinese high-speed rail network gradually improved. Based on the cross-sectional data of the years of 2008, 2011 and 2013, from two dimensions of the weighted average travel times of the cities along the HSRs and the hour economic circles extension of central cities, this article analyses the impact of high-speed rails on the accessibility. And further, it analyses the impact of the high-speed rails on the regional economic development pattern by the gravity model, regional superiority potential model and Moran index, Theil coefficient. This study shows that:1) High-speed rails have been significantly improving the daily accessibility of cities along the rails. The accessibility levels of eastern cities are still higher than middle and western cities. But three areas' urban transportation development imbalance has a modest improvement. The hour economic circles of Beijing and Wuhan present planar spread pattern, but the circles of Shanghai, Guangzhou and Xi'an are linear scaling. 2) High-speed rails are significantly impacting the Chinese regional economic development pattern. The accessibility levels of the cities along the rails have been improved. The economic ties between cities are more closely linked. Urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is great potential. Diffusion effect brought by high-speed rails is enhanced. Finally, this article gives the further discussion of promoting the healthy development of Chinese regional economic based on the high-speed rail construction.