农业文化遗产地社区居民旅游影响感知与态度——哈尼梯田的生计影响探讨

探讨了农业文化遗产地旅游影响的构成及度量方法，并以红河哈尼梯田为例开展了旅游影响感知和居民态度的实证研究。研究表明，旅游对传统农业生计的影响着实存在，居民感知强烈，并且居民在生计方面的影响感知对其遗产保护态度（包括维持传统农业生产）、旅游发展态度具有显著后向影响，而经济、社会文化影响感知对旅游发展态度具有显著作用。未来旅游实践中需充分重视对传统农业生计的影响，积极发挥旅游在保障传统生计、提升生计输出等方面的正向作用，通过构建“观光权”入股等模式，关联居民生计与旅游发展。

COMMUNITY RESIDENTS'PERCEPTION OF TOURISM IMPACTS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION ATTITUDE IN AGRICULTURAL HERITAGE SITES: A CASE STUDY OF HANI TERRACES

Based on the analysis on the demands of residents' livelihoods in Hani terraces, this study verified the influence relationship between residents' perceived impacts on livelihoods and their participation attitude, and then discussed the spatial pattern of the index of community participation attitude under the perceived influence on livelihoods, thus the participation pattern integrated with the residents' livelihood was put forward. As for the current situation of residents' livelihoods, ‘farming’ and ‘farming combining with seasonal laboring’ were the main living ways, and community residents were not satisfied with current living status. It was found that ‘farming combining with individual businesses’ and ‘farming combining with seasonal laboring’ are residents' ideal living ways. According to residents' influence perception, we tried to establish a relational model between residents' influence perception and their participation attitude, and the model results showed that influence perception of agricultural livelihoods significantly had positive impacts on residents' attitude of heritage protection, while influence perception of off-farm livelihoods significantly had positive impacts both on residents' attitude of heritage protection and tourism development. Under the influence perception, participation attitudes scores presented inverted ‘U’ type feature with the increase of distance from tourism traffic line. Finally, based on the above results, we thought that community residents should participate in heritage management and tourism development by taking ‘sightseeing right’ of their terraces as stocks, and the pattern of community cooperative agency were also need to be established, through which residents' livelihoods could be closely associated with community participation.