旅游减贫与旅游再贫困:旅游发展中不同土地利用方式对贫困人口的影响

旅游发展能否真正减贫以及如何实现减贫应是当前旅游减贫大背景下备受讨论的焦点,并受到了国内外学术界积极关注。然纵观现有研究,对旅游减贫效果的实证探讨及细致剖析尚十分缺乏。本文选取旅游发展中对土地资源的利用作为研究视角,探讨这一过程对贫困人口生存状态的影响。研究以三亚亚龙湾度假区发展对周边两个村庄的土地使用（征用、租用）为例,采用多维贫困概念,探讨旅游发展给两村村民在收入、居住条件、就业及生产方式以及话语权等带来的影响。研究提出了旅游再贫困的概念,意在说明旅游发展在使贫困人口短暂富裕后再次陷入贫困状态的发展现象,是旅游发展之于贫困人口负面影响的一种表征。

TOURISM REDUCING POVERTY AND TOURISM RE-IMPOVERISHMENT:EXAMINING THE IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT LAND USES IN TOURISM ON THE POOR

Whether tourism development can really reduce poverty and how this could happen have been the point for discussion in the background of reducing poverty through tourism national wide. And these issues have also been actively attained by both the domestic and international academia. Yet when we review the existing literature, it is found that there has been rare empirical studies or in-depth analysis of such issues. Therefore in this study, we particularly concern about the land use in tourism development and aims to examine how tourism would impact on the living situations of the poor during the process. The study was conducted in two villages around Sanya Yalong Bay Tourism Resort. We made the land uses (in two different ways respectively as land recruitment and land rent) caused by tourism development of the resort in the two villages as our cases. A conceptualization of poverty with multiple dimensions was employed in the study. In specific, we investigated the impacts of the land uses in the process of local tourism development on the villagers' living conditions like income, housing situations, employment and means of production, and discourse power. In this study, we proposed the concept of "tourism re-impoverishment" to illustrate the phenomenon that tourism development makes the poor to become rich yet just after a short time fall into poverty again. This is also one of the representations of the negative impacts produced by tourism development on the poor.