中国港口粮食运输格局演变及其动力机制

粮食运输关乎中国民生大计,而港口是其网络中的重要节点。本文以中国港口为研究对象,着眼于1982-2013年,从进出港、进出口等角度,深入考察中国港口在国内外贸易中的职能分工与变化,归纳其空间模式。同时,从粮食生产分布、产需差异、需求结构、政策等方面探讨其格局演变的动力机制。研究发现,中国港口粮食运输能力不断增强,出港格局先是“向环渤海地区集聚”再“轻度分散”,进港格局则从“以北方港口为主”向“较为分散”演化,环渤海港口一直承担着中国粮食的出口职能,粮食进口则由“北进”向“南北同进”模式演变。

SPATIAL PATTERN OF PORTS GRAIN SHIPPING AND DYNAMICS IN CHINA

Grain transportation has always been an important issue related to China's livelihood. As an important node in the grain logistics network, the port plays an important role in the balance of regional grain production differences and the supply and demand allocation. After a brief review of research progress at home and abroad, the author finds that the researches almost focus on container ports, while the grain transportation and its spatial pattern has not yet attracted attention. And the law and its regional dynamic mechanism also lack scientific investigation. Therefore, we choose all Chinese ports as the study subject, analyzing the transport pattern. And from angles of entering and leaving, import and export, we deeply study on the functions and changes of Chinese ports in regional grain allocation and international trade, and summarize the main features, evolution laws and spatial patterns. The study finds that:1) China port's throughput of grain transportation continues to grow, and the number of the ports is increasing. the grain transportation is grouped in the Bohai sea, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta region, while inland ports' scale are much smaller, showing significant pattern of "coastal ports are the primary, inland ports are the secondary". 2) In terms of leaving, the size of the China's grain total outbound volume is small, but since 1982 has been rising. 3) From angles of entering, the volume of port inbound has been rising steadily since 1995. Especially after 2007, it grows rapidly and broke through one hundred million tons in 2010. 4) For grain exportation, the volume has always been small, which is concentrated in 1984-2007 years. 5) China has always relied on imports to make up for the lack of grain.