近70年来中国历史交通地理研究的回顾与思考

近70年来,中国历史交通地理的研究领域已经十分广阔,有关交通通道线路的考证几乎涵盖各个历史时期,特别是对唐代和元代的交通路线的考证已经较为精细深入。从区域历史交通地理层面来看,以巴蜀、关中、中原、岭南等地区的交通通道考证成果较为丰硕。"道路功能性特征"视域下的丝绸之路、海上丝绸之路、茶马古道、唐蕃古道、陶瓷之路等方面的研究较受关注,"道路地域性特征"视域下的直道、狭义的蜀道研究成果也较丰硕,在学术界和社会上的影响力大大提高。近70年的中国历史交通地理研究大多隐含于相关学科之中,学科独立性不强、科学精准度不高。未来需要舍弃交通运输史、交通科技史、交通制度史、交通社会史的研究范式而加强历史通道走向复原方面的研究,提高历史交通地理的学科独立性。历史交通地理的研究需要树立"考古学情怀",推行"全路段驴行"式考察。

Low Key in Compatibility and Abandonment for Self-improvement: Review and Reflection of the Research on Historical Transport Geography over the Past 70 Years

Generally speaking, the field of Chinese Historical Transport Geography research has extended widely. The textual research on the route over 2000 years has covered almost the whole historical period especially the one in Tang and Yuan Dynasty has been studied thoroughly. As for regional transport Geography, the textual research on route in Bashu、Guanzhong、Zhongyuan、Lingnan has made delightful achievement. In the perspective of "the Functional Feature of Route", Silk Road, Maritime Silk Road, Tea-Horse Road, Tangbo Ancient Road and Ceramic Road are hot topics. In the perspective of "the Regional Feature of Route", the research on Expressway of Qin Empire and Shudao in a limited sense has made much achievement, which extends the influence of Historical Transport Geography in academia and society. However, we have to notice that there are some problems like the low level of discipline individuality and scientific precision. To some extent, the research on Transport Geography over the past 70 years, integrated into other disciplines and does not get enough attention. Nowadays, in order to improve the level of discipline individuality, we should abandon the paradigm of transportation history, transportation science and technology history, transportation system history and transportation social history and pay more attention to the recovery of historic route. To achieve this goal, we have to build up the "Sensation of Archaeology" and promote "donkey tour in all routes".