西汉后期河务与清河郡行政变迁——兼论汉郡职能与郡都尉职掌之关系

居延汉简揭示了贝丘、厝、鄃等沿河诸县曾由魏郡划入清河郡的事实。此事实以及汉元帝改清河国为郡、贝丘成为清河都尉治所等现象,都与西汉后期治河形势变化引起的清河郡河务职能的强化有关。汉代部分内郡承担有国家赋予的专有职能。郡都尉虽以"将兵"为责,但并非总以军事为主要职任。郡都尉的职责,乃至治所,都与其所将之兵从事的主要活动、与国家赋予该郡的专有职能密切相关。西汉后期清河郡承担治河职能,清河都尉也以治河为主要职责。

The Affair on the Yellow River in the Late Western Han Dynasty and the Administrative Change of Qinghe Prefecture

Juyan wooden slips reveal the fact that counties along the Yellow River, such as Beiqiu(贝丘), Cuo(厝)and Yu(鄃), were once divided into Qinghe Prefecture(清河郡)from Wei Prefecture(魏郡). This fact, together with the phenomena that Emperor Yuan of Han changed Qinghe State(清河国)to Qinghe Prefecture and Beiqiu became Qinghe Duwei's governing house, was related to the strengthening of Qinghe Prefecture's the Yellow River affairs function caused by the change of the situation in the late Western Han Dynasty. A part of the inland prefectures of the Han Dynasty assumed the exclusive functions entrusted by the Imperial court. Although the Duwei of prefecture(郡都尉)takes "ruling soldiers" as his duty, but military is not always his main duty. The duties of the Duwei, and even the governing house, were closely related to the main activities of his soldiers and the special functions entrusted to the prefecture by the Imperial court. In the late Western Han Dynasty, Qinghe Prefecture assumed the function of harnessing the Yellow River, and the Duwei of Qinghe Prefecture also took the main responsibility of harnessing the Yellow River.