中国古代和亲与丝绸之路的拓展

本文以新的视角，全面考察了中国古代和亲与丝绸之路的关系。认为，中原王朝与乌孙、鄯善、高昌、西突厥、宁远、于阗等政权的和亲以及辽与大食的联姻，拓展和巩固了传统的陆上丝绸之路；中原王朝与匈奴、柔然、突厥、回纥等政权的和亲，辽与西夏、阻卜、回鹘的和亲，蒙元与高昌、高丽的联姻，以及满蒙之间的联姻，极大地延伸和拓展了草原丝绸之路；中原王朝与吐谷浑、吐蕃等政权的和亲以及以拉萨为中心的吐蕃矛口亲圈，开辟或拓展了青藏高原丝绸之路。和亲对丝绸之路的拓展主要体现在如下几个方面：一是为丝绸之路创造了相对安定的边疆环境；二是和亲双方积极通商；三是和亲传播了养蚕缫丝技术，带动了西域植桑养蚕业的发展；四是和亲公主努力协调双方关系，不断清除丝绸之路上的障碍；五是和亲公主对丝绸之路的监督；六是少数民族首领对丝绸之路的保护；七是部分和亲公主从事商业活动；八是与和亲相关的使团络绎不绝，活跃了丝绸之路；九是中原王朝的大量赐物丰富了丝绸之路。

Heqin and the Deploitation of Silk Road in Ancient China

This paper makes a comprehensive review about the relationship between Heqin(Some dynasties make peace with the rulers of minorities in border areas by marriage) in ancient China and Silk Road from a new visual angle. It thinks that the Heqin of the dynasties of inner plains with the regimes of Wusun,Shanshan,Gaochang,Western Turki,Ningyuan and Yutian and the marriage with Liao and Dashi exploited the traditional Silk Road of land. The Heqin of the dynasties of inner plains with the regimes of Xiongnu,Rouran,Turki and Huihe, the marriage of Liao with Xixia,Zubo,Huihe,the marriage of Yuan Dynasty with Gaochang,Gaoli as well as the marriage between Man and Mongol greatly extended and carved out the grassland Silk Road. The Heqin of the dynasties of inner plains with the regimes of Tuguhun, Tubo pioneered Qingai-Tibetan Silk Road. It can be concluded as the following aspects to exploit Silk Roads by Heqin: to create a comparatively peaceful environment for Silk Road, to develop an active trade relationship, to spread the skill of sericiculture and filature and make the sericiculture developed in the west regions, to eliminate the obstacles in the Silk Road through the efforts of the princesses, to supervise the Silk Road though the princesses, to protect the Silk Road by the minorities' chieftains, to develop commerce through some princesses, to make the Silk Road flourish through Heqin and the missions concerned, to enrich the Silk Road through the large numbers of largess by the dynasties of inner plains.