国外区域旅游差异研究综述

区域旅游差异研究是国外旅游研究的重点领域之一。为充分了解其研究成果与动态,本文通过检索国际权威旅游学术期刊《Annals of Tourism Research》和《Tourism Management》1979-2012年期间的相关文献,发现国外区域旅游差异的研究历程呈明显的阶段性,从区域旅游资源差异、市场差异、竞争力差异、文化差异、利益相关者行为差异等五个方面进行论述,在总结其研究体系的基础上做出评价。认为国外区域旅游差异研究体系完善,尤其擅长在案例研究中运用人类学、社会学及心理学研究方法展开微观层面及软指标的调查探析,但理论研究相对较少,缺乏对欠发达国家及地区相关问题的关注,国内研究则应根据我国具体国情与地域特点,借鉴国外研究经验,并规避其不足。

A REVIEW OF OVERSEAS RESEARCHES ON REGIONAL TOURISM DISPARITY

The research of regional tourism disparity is one of the most significant fields in overseas tourism researches. In order to overview the achievements and the trends on overseas regional tourism disparity fully, this research is based on some relevant literatures. Annals of Tourism Research and Tourism Management are retrieved comprehensively, which are two international leading tourism academic journals from 1979 to 2012. Through the review of literatures, we found the progress of overseas researches on regional tourism disparity is characterized by obvious stages. And each stage has its own remarkable results. In fact, there are four obvious stages in the progress. Such as preparing stage(1950's-1970's), beginning stage(1970's-1990's), developing stage(1990's-2000) and advanced stage(from 21century to present). The oversea research of regional tourism disparity is showed from the following five aspects. Firstly, regional disparity of tourism resource is focused on the evaluation and protection on tourism resources. Secondly, regional disparity of tourism market is paid attention according to interweave factors, such as time, space and developing tendency. Thirdly, regional disparity of tourism competitiveness is shown by some factors, such as society, economy, culture and so on. Fourthly, regional disparity of tourism culture is research by two main aspects, such as tourism culture theory and tourism culture factor. Fifthly, regional disparity of tourism stakeholder behavior is focused through people's attitude and behavior. Those researches are useful for government making tourism policy. And the study discussed the five aspects above and made an objective evaluation in the base of the summary of its research system. It was concluded that overseas researches on regional tourism disparity are considered to have a more complete system than domestic researches from microscopic level and the soft data.