“鬼”玉考

“鬼”玉是最近提出的中国古代玉材及玉文化研究中的新课题.是指《禹贡·冀州》所记的冀州属地及其北部包括今俄罗斯贝加尔湖周边地区所产的玉材。在这片广袤土地上游牧、耕作、生活、繁衍的“鬼”部族及其近亲部族曾被载入史册。该地东萨彦岭和外兴安岭维季姆河等玉产地为其玉器制造提供了丰富的资源。石峁出土的126件玉器就是龙山文化时期鬼玉的珍贵遗产,其中的黑玉圭、璋等玉器是其中具有代表性的玉器。鬼玉(即石峁玉器)与所见贝加尔湖西南古文化玉器有着很大的不同.其源头可能不在贝加尔湖周边,而在其附近或距其不太遥远的地方。

A Study of "Gui" Jades

Gui jades, one of the newest topics in the study of China's ancient jade materials and jade cultures, are those jades produced in the area of ancient Jizhou as defined in the "Jizhou" section of Yu Gong and in the region to the north adjacent to Russia's lake Baikal. The Gui tribe and those peoples close to them who tended their herds, farmed, lived and bred in the vast tract of territory are recorded in historical texts. The eastern Sayan Mountains and the Outer Khinggan Mountains in this area were rich sources of jade material which they worked. 126 jades unearthed from Shimao and produced in the Longshan cultural period are precious examples of Gui jades, and among them we find black jade Gui, zhang and other representative jade items. Gui jades, i.e. Shimao jades, differ greatly from the jades of the ancient culture discovered to the south-west of Lake Baikal and they probably evolved from a separate source outside, but not too distant from, the Lake Baikal region.