Standing waves in VLF transmissions produced by geographical discontinuities |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Program in Epidemiology, 3811 O''Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America;2. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 3811 O''Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States of America |
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| Abstract: | It has generally been accepted that the fields constituting the waveguide modes reflected from natural discontinuities in the lower boundary of the earth-ionosphere waveguide have a negligible amplitude compared to the fields constituting the incident modes at VLF (Kirchoff's approximation). Recent measurements, in the region of the South Island of New Zealand, show cases where such reflections play a significant role in the determination of VLF field strength and phase. |
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