日本对旅游资源的开发和管理

本文在进行大量实际调查、访问和资料分析的基础上,介绍了日本旅游资源的类型与等级、旅游资源开发的历史与现状、旅游资源开发中的行政管理与法律制度、生态旅游开发活动的动向、旅游开发规划的特点、与旅游资源开发管理相关的高等教育与研究等情况,探讨了日本能够较好地协调旅游开发活动与自然、经济、社会之间和谐关系的原因,并在此基础上提出了我国在市场经济条件下开发和管理旅游资源应该借鉴的一些日本经验,认为丰富多彩的区域景观本身就是我国一笔巨大的旅游资源,在进行城镇规划、区域规划和景观规划时,应该有必要认真考虑如何将现代化与地方传统结合的问题,应该建立与市场经济要求和旅游业特点相适应的旅游资源开发、规划、管理制度。

DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM RESOURCES IN JAPAN

Japan is a industrial and commercial society which is highly urbanized and modernized. At the same time, it is a country which has natural and human tourism resources of special characteristics, excellent environmental quality and abundant conserved historic heritages and traditional culture. Today, tourism industry in Japan has kept the balance among the nature preservation, succession of traditional culture and the development of regional ecnomy successfully. Based on lots of practical investigation, visitation and data analysis, this paper introduces types and classes of tourism resources in Japan, history and status of tourism resources development, administrative management and legal system during tourism resources development, the trends of ecological tourism development activities, the characteristics of tourism development planning and higher education and research on development and management of tourism resources. It discusses the reason why Japan can harmonize the relation between tourism development activities and the nature, economy and society. With this understanding, we put forward that we should use some of Japanese experiences to develop and manage tourism resources under the condition of market economy. We consider that rich and colorful regional landscapes are huge tourism resources in our country. When we are making plans for a town, a region and a landscape, we should think better of how to associate modernization to local characteristics, and should establish the institutions of tourism resources development, planning and management, which should be compatible with market economy and tourism industry characteristic.