“六日战争”对美国犹太人族群认同的影响

20世纪60年代,"大屠杀"话语的传播引发了美国犹太人对族群命运的担忧。在"六日战争"前,面对阿拉伯国家的反犹宣传及其对以色列的重重围困,美国犹太人担心"再次大屠杀"会发生,从而促使美国犹太人对以色列的生存产生深度忧虑。美国犹太社团逐渐把维护以色列的特殊利益和争取美国社会对以色列的同情与支持,作为游说活动的主要目标。美国犹太游说组织通过舆论引导、公开呼吁、经济动员等方式积极进行游说。"六日战争"后,美国与以色列之间的特殊关系迅速发展。美国犹太人的民族自信心和自豪感显著提升,并自觉地将以色列与自身的命运紧密相连。他们在归属意愿、宗教情感、对以色列的文化兴趣、青年群体族群意识等层面表达对以色列的认同,以色列在美国犹太人族群认同中发挥的作用凸显。

The Influence of the Six Day War on the Ethnic Identity of American Jewish Community

In the 1960s,the spread of the Holocaust discourse caused the American Jews to worry about the fate of their ethnic group.In face of Arab anti-Semitic propaganda and the besieged situation of Israel,American Jews were afraid that the"Second Holocaust"would possibly happen.The convergence of these factors caused deep anxieties among the American Jews with regard to the survival of Israel.In consequence,the American Jewish community gradually took the maintenance of Israel’s special interests and winning the support and sympathy of the American society for Israel as the main target of their lobbying activities.By means of public opinion guidance,public appeal and economic support,the American Jewish organizations took active measures to support Israel.After the Six Day War,the special relationship between the United States and Israel developed rapidly,American Jew’s national self-confidence and pride improved dramatically,and they were more conscious of linking Israel with their own destiny.They expressed their identification with Israel in various respects,such as the sense of affiliation,religious feelings,cultural interest in Israel,and ethnic consciousness of the youth group.In a word,Israel plays an important role in the formation of American Jewish ethnic identity.