社会时代与历史认知：70年来五四运动研究衍变评述

社会时代对于人们认识历史的活动有着强烈的影响。中华人民共和国成立70年来,随着社会的发展,思想与生活的变迁,五四运动研究也相应地经历着某些值得关注的变化。特别是在运动的性质、领导权、与传统文化及西方文化的关系及某些关键人物的评价等问题上,不同时期的社会政治状况与思想倾向均对学界的相关认识与评价发生着明显的、强烈的影响,使之随着社会时代的发展而在不断地衍变。总地看来,70年来学界对五四运动的认识是愈来愈深入,愈来愈全面了。唯物史观认为,社会意识形态是社会经济、政治及社会生活的反映。历史认识是意识形态的重要内容,现实社会状况对于历史学研究的影响或制约也相应地更为明显。人们对于五四运动认识与评价的衍变证明着这一点。

Social Times and Historical Cognition:A Review of the Research Evolution of the May 4th Movement in the Past 70 Years

Social times have a strong influence on people’s understanding of history.With the development of society,and the changes of thoughts and life since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the study of the May 4th Movement has undergone some notable changes,especially on the issues such as the nature and leadership of the movement,its relationship with traditional and western culture,and the evaluations of the key figures.The social and political conditions as well as ideological tendencies in different periods have obviously intense effects on the understanding and evaluation of the academic circles,which would continuously evolve with the development of social times.Generally speaking,the understanding of the May 4th Movement in the academic circles has been increasingly deepened and integrated in the past 70years.Historical materialism holds that social ideology is a reflection of social economy,politics and life.Historical understanding is an important part of ideology,and the influence and restriction of real social conditions on historical studies are correspondingly obvious.This is proved by the evolution of the understanding and evaluation of the May 4th Movement.