全面抗战前央地关系视域下的南京国民政府省制变革

全面抗战前南京国民政府省制变革是近代中国省制变革的一个重要历史阶段。这一时期,大体经历了南京国民政府初期的省区分治与权势平衡、二次北伐完成后关于省财权人事权和军事权的央地博弈与武力纷争、中原大战后集权与分治的微妙平衡三个阶段的演变。南京政府正常的省权制度变革无法有序展开,在体制内却只能依靠军事和战争手段解决。这是最下策之下策,而且无法真正有效解决省权过大问题。直到全面抗战前夕,省制变革一直成为牵引中国时局演化与社会变动的中枢和焦点问题。

On the Reform of Provincial System of Nanjing National Government from the Perspective of the Relationship Between the Central Government and the Local Government Before the Outbreak of the Total War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

The reform of provincial system of Nanjing National Government before the outbreak of the Total War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression played an important role in the reform of provincial system in modern China.The whole period could be divided into three stages,which were respectively the stage of divide and rule and balance of power in the early period of Nanjing National Government,the stage of game and armed struggle between the central government and the local government in provincial financial,personnel and military power after the Second Northern Expedition,and the stage of delicate balance between centralization and divide and rule after the Central Plains War.Within the system of Nanjing National Government,the normal institutional reform on provincial power could not be carried out in an orderly way.Thus,it could only resort to military means and the means of warfare,which were the worst means and could not solve the problem of the excessive usage of provincial power.The reform of provincial system had always been the central pivot and the focus of problem which affected the evolution of political situation and social changes in China until the eve of the Total War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression.