陈翰笙与托尼的中国农村经济问题研究

陈翰笙与托尼从分析生产关系入手认识中国农村经济问题的实质,从耕地不足和工资低下等方面寻找农民普遍贫困和自我剥削的原因。托尼既承认中国社会的独特性,解决农村经济问题需要对中国社会进行深入调查而实行渐进改良,又基于欧洲历史经验提出社会发展方案;陈翰笙强调帝国主义和封建主义相互勾结对农民的剥夺,以马克思主义方法分析处于社会发展转折阶段农村社会生产关系的变化,主张以革命方式对中国农村生产关系进行彻底变革。两人从历史学视角审视中国社会现实问题,并以学术研究回答现实问题,为理解历史学家与现实的关系及史学家间的学术研究方法融合与学术见解的相互塑造提供了例证。

Chen Hansheng and R. H. Tawney on Rural Economy in China

As pioneei-s of studying rural economy in China,both Chen Hansheng(aka.Chen Han-seng)and Richard Henry“Hany”Tawney examined the issue through analyzing production relations.In their works,they share the view that factors such as the shortage of cultivated land and low wages contributed to the widespread poverty and self-exploitation among Chinese farmers.Tawney,on the one hand,recognized the uniqueness of Chinese Society,admitting that to solve rural problems one needs to conduct an in-depth investigation of Chinese society and carry out gradual improvement;on the other hand,he proposed social development programs based on European historical experiences.Chen Hansheng emphasized the combined impact of imperialism and feudalism on the deprivation of peasants and analyzed the change of rural social relations of production in the transition stage of social development with Marxist methods.Through doing so,he advocated a revolution to fundamentally change the relations of production in rural China.From the perspective of history,both of them examine social problems in China and answer practical questions with academic research.They influenced each other in scholarly research thanks to their shared concerns,which provides an example for us to understand the relationship between historical research and social reality.