中国俄国史研究百年检视与思考

中俄交往始于蒙古西征和金帐汗国时代(1238-1480年),中国学人撰写俄国史自1878年刊印的鹭江奇迹人的《俄国志略》,到今天已经有整整140年的历史。中国的俄国史学科伴随民族命运、国家危机以及世界形势的变化而生,自诞生之日起即负有学人情怀、民族重任和学术职责三重使命。因此,俄国史学科在中国一直发挥着“知夷”和“盗火”的两大作用。中华人民共和国成立后,俄国史(包括苏联时期和俄罗斯联邦时期)研究获得了70年的巨大发展,主要成就有:1985年中国苏联东欧史研究会成立(1992年英文更名为中国俄罗斯东欧中亚史研究会),高等院校、社会科学院、党校、国家有关部委及党政机构纷纷设立俄国史或俄罗斯问题研究机构,建立了从历史学学士、俄国史硕士到俄国史博士的三级专业人才培养体系,俄国史和俄罗斯问题研究的专业期刊创立并连续出版,大量的俄国通史、中俄(中苏)关系史、专题著作、各类教科书、翻译著作(来自俄文、英法、法文、德文、波兰文等)出版,中国俄国史学者积极参与国际学术会议和国际合作研究,具有中国特色的中国“俄罗斯学”新学科正在建立过程中。

A Survey and Reflection on the Study of Russian History in China in the Past 100 Years

Sino-Russian contacts started in the times of Mongolia’s Western Expedition and the Golden Horde(1238-1480).The first Russian history book written by Chinese scholars,A Brief History of Russia,which was published by Lujiangqijiren(鹭江奇迹人)in 1878,has had a history of 140years.The discipline of Russian history in China was born along with the fate of the nation,the national crisis and the world situation.From its birth it has undertaken three missions:scholarly feelings,national responsibility and academic responsibility.Thus,the discipline of Russian history has always played two major roles in China:“understanding foreign countries”(Tsarist Russia)and“stealing fire”(learning from the Soviet Union).After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the discipline of Russian history(including the history of the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation)has achieved great development in the past 70 years.Its main achievements are as follows:Chinese Research Association of Soviet Union&Eastern European History was established in 1985(in 1992it was renamed as Chinese Research Association of Russian,Eastern European and Central Asian History);many institutions of higher education,academies of social sciences,party schools of the CCP,as well as relevant state ministries and government institutions have set up research institutions on Russian history or Russian studies;three levels of professional talent training system,namely the Bachelor of History,the Master of Russian History and the Doctor of Russian History have been set up;academic journals on Russian history and Russian studies were established and are continuously publishing articles;a large number of publications,monographs,textbooks and translated works from many languages on general history of Russia,and history of Sino-Russian(Sino-Soviet)relations have been published;Chinese scholars in the field of Russian history take an active part in international academic conferences and international cooperative research,and the new discipline of Chinese“Russiology”with Chinese characteristics is in the process of being established.