释唐后期上行公文中的兼申现象

上行公文的兼申,是指下级机构将同一事项分别上报两个或两个以上相关上级机构的现象。唐代上行公文中的多种兼申规定,主要出现在唐后期,反映了唐后期在信息分层的基础上,皇帝与中央机构力求更为及时准确地掌控重要、敏感政务信息的一种努力和尝试。通过报告性公文的兼申,皇帝或上级机构能够与具体负责机构同步掌握信息,有利于皇帝或上级机构对具体负责机构的管理、指导和监督。

On the Phenomenon of Jianshen in the Late Tang O fficial Reports

Jianshen refers to report from subordinate unit to multiple higher authorities.From the late Tang dynasty,the administration developed several regulations on Jianshen.Based on the system of information classification,they grew out of the effort made by the emperor and the central government to accurately and timely acquire information that was important or sensitive.Through Jianshen,sending report to different levels of authority at the same time,the emperor and other political authorities were able to get information as simultaneously as other administrative branches.Jianshen hence enhanced their capacity of management,guide,and supervision.