义和团运动时期慈禧太后心态剖析

戊戌政变后,慈禧心中的“仇洋”情结不断膨胀,终于完全外化为其思想主流,并在一段时间内支配着她的行动。她一手导演的“宣战”闹剧,实质上是“己亥建储”的继续,是她在极度膨胀的权力欲望的驱使下、为实现“废立”而设计的“短、平、快”战术。慈禧于“宣战”五天后表示：由于义和团在京城“蔓延已遍”。“只可因而用之,徐图挽救”,其实清廷利用义和团、对外主战的内外政策并无实质性的改变。北京失陷后、她立即撕下虚伪的面具,把“肇祸”的责任全部推给义和团。同时把“纵容拳匪,启衅友邦”的责任推给了“首祸王大臣”。

The Psychological State of the Empress Dowager Cixi in the Period of Boxer Movement

After the coup d'etat of 1898, the feeling of "hating foreigners"in Cixi's heart swelled continuously, and became her main thought at last, which was governing her action in a period of time. Virtually the absurdity of"declaring war"which Cixi directed single handed was a continuation of making Pujun a crown prince and the tactics of"short, level and rapid"which Cixi, urged by the desire for authority swelled extremely, designed for achieving "dethronement and crowning". Five days after"declaring war"Cixi indicated, because the Boxers"were all over"the capital,"she could only accept and use them, and will retrieve slowly". Actually, the domestic and foreign policies of using the Boxers and fighting foreigners were no substantive change. After Beijing fell she tore off the hypocritical mask at once, and shifted all the responsiblity of "causing the accident"onto the Boxers, shifted the responsiblity of "conniving at the Boxers and provoking friendly countries" onto"the princes, dukes and ministers who had caused the trouble".