中国民用机场竞争优势的空间分布特征

经过近20年的高速发展,我国民用机场业的整体竞争实力得以提高,但伴随繁荣发展的却是机场竞争优势的区域空间分布非均衡性矛盾的突出。无论是机场数量、机场等级、机场业务量、机场业务结构,还是机场的产权结构、经营模式和经营业绩,东部都占有绝对优势。基于机场竞争优势的空间非均衡性,也形成了非均衡发展的航空运输网络,这在一定程度上加剧了区域经济发展的非均衡性。因此,为了缩小地区机场竞争实力差距,提高中西部地区机场的竞争优势,各级政府应制定相关政策,加快中西部机场发展。增建中西部新机场,提高大中型机场等级,制定相应政策,加快中西部机场产权和经营模式改革,拓宽机场的融资渠道,开拓货邮市场,吸引和引导民营资本和外国资本注入中西部机场,为中西部机场提供高效运营、不断提高竞争实力的平台。

THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF CHINA'S CIVILIAN AIRPORT

After nearly 20 years of rapid development,the competitive capacity of China's civilian airport industry has been greatly enhanced.However,with the prosperous development of China's civilian airport,the conflicts between the imbalanced spatial distribution and the competitive advantage of the airport become noteworthy.With regard to the number of the airport,the ranking of the airport,the volume of the airport's business,the business structure of the airport,the structure of the property rights,operation model and market performance,the eastern region has overwhelming advantage.The imbalanced spatial distribution of airport competitive advantage results in the imbalanced development of air transport networks.To a certain extent,it exacerbated the imbalanced development of regional economy.Therefore,central and regional government should formulate relevant policies to accelerate the development of the airports in central and western China in order to narrow the gap of competitive capacity between different regional airports.In central and western regions,more new airports should be built and the existing large and medium-sized airports should be upgraded.Preferential policies should be formulated to attract private and foreign capital in order to build airports in central and western regions.The reform of the structure of the property rights and the operation model should be accelerated.Freight business should be exploited.Hence to provide a platform for central and western airports to strengthen their competitive advantage and efficient operation.