试论明代方志建置图准确性问题——以嘉靖《陕西通志》为中心

方志地图属于古舆图的一种特殊类型,对其准确性的研究,以往多采用测绘学的理论方法探讨其数学意义上的准确性。通过选取方志地图中的一种主要类型——建置图,以城墙轮廓为核心,从同时期的文献记载对其内容进行验证和将民国以来的实测地图与其进行比照等两种思路、方法对嘉靖《陕西通志》建置图的准确性问题进行分析探讨,虽然个别建置图不大准确,但大多数建置图是具有一定准确性的。通过对建置图准确性问题的探讨,继而总结出其绘制的手法,认为建置图的绘制具有一定的方法准则。

Accuracy of the City Maps in Ming Dynasty Local Records:A Case Study of the General Records of Shaanxi Province from Jiajing Period

Maps in local records are a special type of ancient maps.Past studies on their accuracy were mainly conducted with geomatic theories and methods,and generally centered around their accuracy in a mathematical sense.But this article selects city maps,a major type of maps in local records,from General Records of Shaanxi Province in Jiajing period,and attempts to examine their accuracy with two approaches:checking their illustrated contours of city walls against historical documents of the same period,and comparing them with measured maps since the Republican Period.Results show that the majority of the city maps are rather accurate indeed,though a few are deficient.It is also found that the makers of the city maps employed particular drawing techniques and followed particular principles.