西汉时期夷夏关系的嬗变与思考

西汉时期夷夏关系的嬗变是从汉初迫于军事劣势所形成的政治上的“夷夏并尊”到汉武帝时期凭借国力主动“纳四夷于华夏”。汉初,在“并尊”格局下,汉廷想要通过“用夏变夷”和使匈奴“渐染华风”来改变当时的政治困境,并未成功。汉武帝即位后,通过对夷夏关系的反思,采取了“纳之华夏”与“夷夏之防”两种政策。进而认为我国古代的政策一直是南北不同,但总的趋势是在夷夏一体的大格局不变之下,南边逐渐华夏化,北边保持华夷秩序。

The Evolution of the Relationship between Yi And Xia during the Western Han Dynasty

The transformation of the relationship between the Yi(夷)and Xia(夏)was from political pattern of Yi and Xia being both honored which was formed due to the military inferiority in early Han dynasty,to initiatively“bring Yi into Xia”(纳四夷于华夏)by state power during the period of Emperor Wu.In the early Han Dynasty,under the pattern of being both honored,the Han Court's effort to change the difficult political position by“transforming the Yi with the Xia”(用夏变夷)and making the Huns“gradually assimilate the Xia culture”(渐染华风),was not successful.Emperor Wu,through the introspection of the relationship between the Yi and Xia,adopted the two policies—“bringing the Yi into Xia”and“safeguard Xia against Yi”(夷夏之防).The author further analyzes that there are differences in policies to the North and the South in China's ancient history,but the general trend was under the unchanging pattern of Yi-Xia integral whole,in the South Yi was assimilated into Hua Xia gradually,and in the North Hua-Yi order was kept.