从中河通判万承紫罢官案看道光朝江南河工——兼考万承紫的淮安清江浦生涯

周恩来外曾祖父万承紫,道光初任南河中河通判,因收藏两江总督琦善看中的元代《龙舟图》被琦善弹劾免职。从该案中可见道光时两江总督对江南河工事务的介入、江南河工的奢侈之风,以及南河官场的文化氛围。万承紫尚风雅,收藏甚富,与寓居、往来南河的文人墨士多有交游,罢官后所居"还读书室"为文人雅集之所。原籍南昌的万家因河工而移居于南河治理中心淮安清江浦,万承紫子孙辈也精于河工。万家三代的治水经历也对周恩来产生影响,任总理期间特别重视水利事业。

Jiangnan River Work During the Reign of Daoguang as Seen from the Dismissal of Wan Chengzi from the Office of Mid-River Magistrate:Along with Wan Chengzi's Life in Qingjiangpu of Huai'an

Zhou Enlai's maternal great grandfather Wan Chengzi held the office of South River Mid-River Magistrate during early years of the Reign of Daoguang.He was impeached and dismissed from office by Qi Shan,the Viceroy of Jiangnan and Jiangxi provinces for his collection of the Yuan Dynasty drawing Dragonboats to which Qi Shan took a fancy.From this case,we could see the Viceroy of Jiangnan and Jiangxi's involvement in Jiangnan river work during the Reign of Daoguang,the extravagance of Jiangnan river work,and thecultural atmosphere of South River officialdom.Wan Chengzi was fond of literature and art and had a rich collection.He socialized with literati who lived or travelled to and from South River.After his dismissal,his residence“Return to Read House”was a popular gathering place for men of letters.The Wan family who were originally from Nanchang moved to Qingjiangpu of Huai'an,the management center of South River because of river work.Wan Chengzi's sons and grandsons were also experts of riverwork.Three generations of river management experience also had certain effects on Zhou Enlai,who paid close attention to water conservancy when he worked as the country's Premier.