日本夫妇的不同姓问题

20世纪80年代,日本社会掀起了要求夫妇不同姓的运动,这是对已有百年历史的夫妇同姓制度的挑战。就夫妇姓氏问题,日本内阁府先后进行了多次舆论调查。整体上看,赞成自由选择夫妇“同姓”或“不同姓”者逐渐增多。但目前,“夫妇不同姓”仍未得到法律的认可,“夫妇同姓”依然是取得合法婚姻的必要条件。本文在阐述日本夫妇姓氏历史变迁过程的基础上,分析了日本夫妇不同姓问题提出的背景、实现的阻力及意义。

On the Problem of Different Surnames of Husband and Wife in Japan

In the 1980s,Japanese society launched a campaign which required the different surnames of husband and wife.This is a challenge to the system of the same surname of husband and wife with the history of 100 years.Japanese cabinet has made several investigations of public opinion with regards to the issue of surnames of husband and wife.On the whole,the people in favor of freely choosing the same and different surnames of husband and wife became more and more.However,at present,the idea that husband and wife use different surnames is still not approved legally and the same surname is still the essential requirement to get the legal marriage.Based on expounding the process of the evolution of the surnames of husband and wife in Japan,the article analyses the background,the resistance and the significance of making up with this problem and realizing it.