海昏侯墓出土马蹄金、麟趾金内嵌物的分析研究

南昌西汉海昏侯墓发掘出土了数量较多的马蹄金,为汉代黄金货币的研究工作提供了宝贵资料,出土马蹄金内均存在镶嵌物,大部分腐蚀严重。结合偏光显微分析、背散射扫描电镜\能谱、红外光谱、X射线衍射光谱对海昏侯墓主棺头箱出土的部分马蹄金内嵌物进行分析研究,依据分析结果将马蹄金内嵌物分为透闪石软玉、蛋白石、铅钡玻璃和疑似高铅玻璃4种类型。其中,铅钡玻璃基本保留玻璃态,腐蚀产物随着埋藏环境的变化存在二次结晶现象,腐蚀的最终产物是碳酸铅;疑似高铅玻璃表现出完全不同的腐蚀状态,外层硅质成分较高形成较为致密的壳状结构,内部碳酸铅以葡萄状填充在少量的硅质成分中。研究结果可为后续的保护处理与马蹄金、麟趾金的复制工作提供理论支持。

Research on the inlaid ornamentation of hoof-shaped ingots excavated from the tomb of Marquis Haihun

The hoof-shaped ingots unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Haihun are very important with regard to the study of gold coinage during the Han dynasty. There are inlaid ornamentations in each hoof-shaped ingot, most of which have been seriously corroded.In order to identify the inlay materials in the hoof-shaped ingots, we used polarized light microscopy (PLM), backscatter scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (BSE-EDS), infrared spectrometry (IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the samples. The results reveal that the inlaid ornamentations can be classified into four types:tremolite, opal, lead-barium glass and lead silicate glass. The glassy state of lead-barium glass is basically preserved, and the corrosion products have recrystallized due to the changes of the burial environment, eventually becoming lead carbonate. However, the corrosion of lead silicate glass is entirely different in that the exterior with higher siliceous component has formed a compact shell, with the botryoidal (grape cluster-like) lead carbonate filled in the cavity of the small amount of silica inside the shell. The study could provide a theoretical support for the subsequent restoration of hoof-shaped ingots.