古建筑木构件的防火处理与性能研究

古建筑具有重要的文化价值和经济价值,是重要的不可再生文化遗产。中国的古建筑以木为主要结构,而木结构的耐火等级低,这就造成了中国古建筑面临了一个极大的隐患——火灾,因此对古建筑木构件的防火处理与性能的研究迫在眉睫。为此,试验选取3种不同的木材和5种不同的阻燃剂作为研究对象,首先对涂覆不同阻燃剂的木材进行表观特征测量,然后分别采用热重分析法和扫描电子显微镜测试技术进行表征测试,最后分析阻燃木材的各种力学性能测试。研究结果表明:喷涂阻燃剂的木材其性能效果均优于未喷涂的木材。特别针对未涂油漆的原木构件,可以采用有机磷杂环阻燃剂或磷—氮类阻燃剂;普通油漆的木构件则适用于磷—氮类阻燃剂,而处理桐油木构件应用磷—氮类阻燃剂或阻燃油。

Research on fireproofing treatments and performances of ancient timber buildings

Ancient buildings are important non-renewable objects of cultural heritages with great cultural and economic values. Therefore, conservation and protection of ancient buildings is very necessary. Ancient Chinese buildings were mainly made of wood. Due to the low fire resistance rating of wooden structures, ancient Chinese buildings have always been faced with a great hidden danger-fire-so research on the performance of fireproofing for the wooden components of ancient buildings is extremely urgent. Three different types of wood and five different types of flame retardant were selected as research objects. The woods were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Then various mechanical properties of the woods were tested. The results show that the performances of the woods sprayed with flame retardants are better than those of the woods without spraying. In particular, heterocyclic organophosphorus or phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants could be used for unpainted wood components, phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants are suitable for ordinary painted wood components and phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardants or flame-retardant oils are applicable to wooden components processed with tung oil.