基于XRF与TL技术相结合的古陶瓷产地判别研究

古陶瓷产地判别一直是古陶瓷研究工作的一个重点。为了拓展产地判别的科技研究方法,本研究针对南北方4个不同窑口(越窑、建窑、耀州窑、定窑)的古陶瓷样品,首次结合采用X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)和热释光(TL)测试分析技术相互印证,测定4个窑口样品的胎釉元素组成和热释光特性,并建立相对应的数据库,相互印证判别古陶瓷样品的产地。数据库的统计分析表明:同一窑口的古陶瓷不仅在主量与微量元素化学组成具有一定的地域特征,其热释光的测量灵敏度也存在地域特征性;不同窑口的古陶瓷可以通过元素组成归类和热释光特性的不同加以区分,结合采用XRF与TL测试分析两种技术可以更准确地对古陶瓷产地进行分析判别。

Research on the provenances of ancient ceramics using XRF and TL

Identification of the provenances of ancient ceramics is always a key job in research on ancient ceramics. Besides traditional visual identification methods by shape, decorative patterns and glaze color, etc., modern technological methods have also been developed in recent years to determine the provenances of ancient ceramics. These technological methods are mainly based on the elemental compositions of ancient ceramics, especially on typical trace elements. However, some ceramics having similar elemental compositions are imitations, so multiple types of evidence are needed to determine their provenances. In our research, the ceramic samples include authentic ones collected from four typical ancient kilns of South and North China: Yue Kiln, Jian Kiln, Yaozhou Kiln and Ding Kiln as well as some imitations. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thermoluminescence (TL) technologies were respectively used to determine elemental compositions of the glazes and their thermoluminescent characteristics, with the aim of determining their provenances. The analytical results show that ancient ceramics from the same area share similar chemical compositions, typical trace elements and thermoluminescent (TL) properties. More manganese (Mn) and phosphorus (P) was detected in the samples of Yue porcelains, which is thought to be related to the local plant ash used for porcelain-making. Yue porcelains also feature high thermoluminescent sensitivity, with the peak value above 5000 cps. A high content of aluminum (Al) in the body is the characteristic of the ceramics from Ding and Yaozhou Kilns, and can be used to differentiate them from Yue and Jian ceramics. Higher silicon (Si) and magnesium (Mg) but lower calcium (Ca) and manganese (Mn) contents are the characteristics of Ding porcelains and are distinct from the others. Furthermore, the Yue porcelains have the highest TL sensitivity among the four kilns. Therefore, ancient ceramics from different provenances can be distinguished according to different elemental compositions and TL sensitivities.